Which Of The Following Is A Change From A More Condensed To A Less Condensed State Of Matter?
Changes in state
Whenever a substance changes its state, like when ice melts to form liquid water, information technology is said to undergo a "change in land". Changes in land can occur when a substance is heated, cooled or even if an external pressure level alter occurs. An instance of this is when propane gas is pumped into a sealed tank and it turns into a liquid, LPG. Liquid carbon dioxide fire extingushers are as well a expert example of a alter in state brought on by force per unit area.
This topic will consider changes of country between solid, liquid and gas brought well-nigh by changes in temperature only, as these are the well-nigh commonly experienced changes. Remember changes in land are physical changes, not chemical. The substance itself remains chemically the same, i.e. water is always HtwoO whether it is ice, water or steam. Meet The h2o bicycle for more than on the changes of the country of water.
Energy and changes in state
Changes in state occur because energy is either added or removed from a substance, affecting the manner the particles interact with each other. If a substance is heated, energy is added and the particles will go more agile; vibrating, rotating and even moving nigh faster. If the substance has enough energy, it can overcome the bonding forces belongings the particles together and, in doing so, undergo a alter in country. Cooling, on the other hand, removes free energy thus making the particles less active and assuasive the bonding forces to take hold within the substance.
Melting - solid to liquid
Melting occurs when a solid is heated and turns to liquid. The particles in a solid proceeds enough energy to overcome the bonding forces belongings them firmly in place. Typically, during melting, the particles commencement to move well-nigh, staying close to their neighbouring particles, and so move more freely. For pure substances, the temperature at which this change occurs is quite precise and is called the melting betoken of the substance.
Freezing - liquid to solid
Freezing occurs when a liquid is cooled and turns to a solid. Eventually the particles in a liquid stop moving almost and settle into a stable arrangement, forming a solid. This is called freezing and occurs at the aforementioned temperature equally melting. Hence, the melting bespeak and freezing point of a substance are the same temperature. The melting and freezing point of a substance are defined as the temperature above which, the substance is liquid and below which, information technology is solid.
Boiling - liquid to gas
Boiling occurs when the particles in a liquid gain plenty energy to overcome the bonding forces holding them loosely in place in the liquid and they become complimentary, fast moving, individual particles in a gas. For pure substances, the temperature at which this change occurs is quite precise and is called the boiling signal of the substance.
Condensation - gas to liquid
If a gas is cooled, its particles will somewhen cease moving about then fast and form a liquid. This is called condensation and occurs at the same temperature every bit boiling. Hence, the boiling betoken and condensation indicate of a substance are the same temperature. The boiling and condensation betoken of a substance is defined as the temperature above which, the substance is gas and below which, information technology is liquid.
Evaporation
Evaporation occurs when particles in a liquid pass directly into the gas state, at a temperature below the humid signal of the liquid. When a puddle "disappears" afterwards rain, the water has evaporated. Evaporation is dependent on individual particles gaining enough energy to escape the surface of the liquid and become gas particles.
Sublimation
The change in state which occurs when a solid goes directly to a gas is 
chosen "sublimation'' Sublimation is like evaporation; it does not occur at any item temperature, but varies in rate with temperature. Mothballs sublime and and so does dry ice. Scout carefully and you volition come across the solid slowly disappearing and forming a gas or smell without first melting. For a solid to sublime, private particles on the surface of the solid obtain enough free energy from their surround to jump off the surface of the solid and become individual gas particles.
Source: https://www.primaryconnections.org.au/themes/custom/connections/assets/SBR/data/Chem/sub/statechanges/statechanges.htm
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